Influence of implant fixture design on implant primary stability / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Current tendencies of the implant macrodesign are tapered shapes for improved primary stability, but there are lack of studies regarding the relationship between the implant macrodesign and primary stability. PURPOSE: The purpose is to investigate the effect of implant macrodesign on the implant primary stability by way of resonance frequency analysis in the bovine rib bones with different kinds of quality. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty implants of 6 different kinds from two Korean implant systems were used for the test. Bovine rib bones were cut into one hundred pieces with the length of 5 cm. Among them forty pieces of rib bones with similar qualities were again selected. For the experimental group 1, the thickness of cortical part was measured and 20 pieces of rib bones with the mean thickness of 1.0mm were selected for implant placement. For the experimental group 2, the cortical parts of the remaining 20 pieces of rib bones were totally removed and then implants were placed on the pure cancellous bone according to the surgical manual. After placement of all implants, the implant stability quotient(ISQ) was measured by three times, and its statistical analysis was done. RESULTS: There are statistically significant differences in ISQ values among 4 different kinds of Avana system implants in the experimental group 2. For the experimental group 1, Avana system implants showed significantly different ISQ values, but when differences in the thickness of cortical parts were statistically considered, did not show any significant differences in ISQ values. Among Oneplant system implants, there are no significant differences in ISQ values for the experimental group 2 as well as for the experimental group 1. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, bone quality and implant design have some influences on the primary stability of implants. Especially in the bone of poor quality, tapered shape of implants are more favorable for the primary stability of implants.

The Frequency Unexpected Antibodies at Kyungpook National University Hospital / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: Unexpected antibody screening and identification tests are very important pre-transfusion tests for preventing transfusion reactions. Nowadays, the column agglutination test is widely used in Korea. The results of many studies that used this method showed the decreased frequency of nonsignificant cold antibodies and an increased frequency of warm antibodies when compared with other studies that used the tube test or the microplate test. This study was performed in order to determine the accurate frequency and distribution of unexpected alloantibody by using the column agglutination test. METHODS: We analyzed the results from 32,218 antibody screening tests with using LISS/Coombs cards and ID-DiaCell I and II for the transfusion candidates and patients with hemolytic anemia who were seen at Kyungpook National University Hospital during a recent eight-year period. RESULTS: According to the results of the antibody screening test, 188 samples (0.58%) out of all 32,218 samples, were shown to be positive. Unexpected alloantibodies were detected in 86 patients (0.27%) with using the antibody identification test. The antibodies that were detected most frequently were anti-E (29 samples), followed by anti-D (8 samples), anti-M (8 samples) and anti-c (7 samples). CONCLUSION: The frequency and distribution of unexpected antibodies at our hospital are similar with those obtained in other Korean studies. The detection rates of warm antibodies, including Rh antibodies, were high. The proportion of Rh antibodies in patients with a gestation history was significantly higher than that in the patients without a gestation history. This study shows once again that pregnancy affects the antibodies and this supports the relationship between pregnancy and antibody formation.

Antropometric and Health Status of the Elderly Women Attending a Health Promotion Program in an Urban Community / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was conducted to evaluate the health status of elderly women who attended in a Health Promotion Program of the Seo-gu Health Center in Daegu. The study subjects were 158 elderly women (over 65 years) in an urban community. The subjects were investigated by means of individual interviews using a questionnaire, Blood tests for analyzing their biochemical status were carried out. The average age of the study subjects was 70.9 +/- 2.3 years. Of the subject group 79.1% ranged in age from 65 to 74 year and 20.9% were over 75 years. With respect to health related factors, 23.4% of subjects drank alcoholic beverages and 15.2% of sujects currently smoker. The prevalence with chronic diseases was 51.9%, and 26.6% of the subjects were healthy. The diseases most frequently reported as having been or being treated were arthritis (38.1%), hypertension (21.4%), and diabetes (17.9%). The average height of subjects was below the standard established in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances, while the average weight was close to the standard. The means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 130.2 mmHg and 71.9 mmHg, respectively. The mean serum albumin level was 4.5 mg/dl, and the value of hemoglobin and hematocrit was 12.5 mg/dl and 0.7%, respectively. The mean serum cholesterol level was 207.1 mg/dl and the mean triglyceride level was 187.7 mg/dl. The serum lipid levels were higher then in those reported in research. The serum cholesterol levels of 71.5%of subjects were within the normal range. The GOT and GTP levels were within the moderate range. In conclusion, the health status of the elderly who attended the Health Promotion Program in the Seo-gu Health Center were very average. However, it was necessary to prepare a health management program to deal with the serum lipids so as to establish and maintain good health. When we carry out the health promotion program in a community, individual program of adequate to health status should be developed more.

Unexpected Antibody Positivity with the Use of the LISS/Coombs Gel Test / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: There is a recent trend of increased use of the gel test for the detection of unexpected antibodies (Abs) because of its simplicity and ease with which definitive interpretation can be made. However, because of the low insurance payments in Korea, only the LISS/Coombs card is used and thus the detection rate of the cold Abs has decreased. We have studied the detection rates of the Abs in patients by using the LISS/Coombs gel test and thus evaluated the clinical usefulness of the LISS/Coombs gel test. METHODS: Abs screening tests have been carried out using the DiaMed(TM) LISS/Coombs gel card test (Murten, Switzerland) on 14,942 patients for whom blood transfusions were ordered between July 1, 1997 and March 31, 2001. When the test for Abs was positive, Ab identification tests were further carried out with the DiaMed(TM) LISS/Coombs gel card and the ID-DiaPanel 1-11. RESULTS: Eighty-one out of 14,942 patients (0.54%) revealed positive results. Of these, 15 showed anti-E, 5 showed anti-E+c, 4 showed anti-C, 3 showed anti-D, 2 showed anti-Jk(a), 1 each showed anti-c, anti-M, anti-Lu(a), and anti-K Abs. CONCLUSIONS: Although the detection rate for the cold Abs of the LISS/Coombs gel test was low, it is considered to be highly useful because of the high detection rate for the clinically important warm Abs, the simplicity in carrying out the test, and the easy readability of test results.

Concentration of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Scalp Hair, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Lung and Spleen from Autopsy Subjects : Relationship between Scalp Hair and Internal Organs / 대한산업의학회지

This study was conducted to measure the lead, cadmium and mercury levels in the scalp hair, cerebellum, cerebrum, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen of the 60 Korean autopsy subjects and assess the relationship among those samples. The mean lead level in the scalp hair was 12.29+/-12.51 microgram/g and no significant difference was detected in lead concentrations between the two sexes. Among the internal organ tissues the cerebrum contained the highest level of lead. This is followed by the cerebellum, spleen and liver respectively. After which the kidney and lung showed a close similarity at relatively low concentrations and the heart contained the lowest concentration. There was also no significant variation found between sexes in a comparison of lead in the internal organ tissues. The concentrations of cadmium in kidney were 127.33+/-89.36 microgram/g and considerably higher than those in the other internal organs. The liver contained the next highest level of cadmium. In both sexes, the consistent difference was noted in the cadmium concentrations of the kidney, heart and spleen. Yet female cadmium level was higher than the male's. The concentrations of mercury in the kidney and liver were 1.26+/-2.89 microgram/g, 0.59+/-0.54 microgram/g and considerably higher than those in the other internal organs. The mean mercury level in the scalp hair was 1.29+/-0.64 microgram/g and no marked difference was noted in both sexes. The lead concentration in the spleen increased with advancing age, though not statistically significance, and most of the internal organ tissues that were examined showed no evidence of increased lead concentration with age. The kidney, cerebrum, spleen and cerebellum showed increased cadmium concentrations with age. Also as well as the internal organ tissues that were examined showed no evidence of increased mercury concentration with age. The lead concentrations in the liver and lung were higher in the urban area than in the rural area, but the lead concentration in the kidney was higher in the rural area. No difference was noted in tissue cadmium and mercury concentrations as to the area of residence either. The physical workers had greater concentrations of lead in cerebellum than did housewives or the unemployed. Yet no difference was noted in the other tissues between the two groups. In the cerebellum, cerebrum, heart, and spleen, the physical workers had greater concentrations of cadmium than students or mental workers. Also physical workers had greater concentrations of cadmium in lung than housewives or the unemployed. In contrast to lead and cadmium, both the housewives and the unemployed had higher concentrations of mercury in cerebellum and cerebrum than physical workers, but there was no difference was noted in the other tissues between the two groups. In the lead concentration, there was no statistically significant correlation between the scalp hair and examined internal organ tissues. There was a close relationship between lead levels in cerebellum and cerebrum (r=0.465, p<0.01), as well as a relationship between the cerebellum and the kidney(r=0.300, p<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the cadmium levels in the scalp hair and in the examined internal organ tissues. Positive correlations were found between the cadmium concentrations in the cerebellum and the cerebrum(r=0.5543, p<0.01), heart(r=0.480, p<0.01), kidney(r=0.376, p<0.01) and spleen(r=0.408, p<0.01). Also positive correlation was found between in the cerebrum and the heart(r=0.377, p<0.01), kidney(r=0.484, p<0.01), liver(r=0.265, p<0.05), lung(r=0.458, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.483, p<0.01). There was also no statistically significant correlation between the mercury levels in the scalp hair and in the examined internal organ tissues. Positive correlation was found between the mercury concentrations in the cerebellum and cerebrum(r=0.760, p<0.01), heart(r=0.270, p<0.05), liver(r=0.425, p<0.01), lung (r=0.488, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.534, p<0.01), and also positive correlation was found between in the cerebrum and heart(r=0.376, p<0.01), liver(r=0.350, p<0.01), lung(r=0.554, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.489, p<0.01). Various epidemiological studies reported usefulness and reliability of using scalp hair as a monitor of a environmental pollutants. In this study, there was statistically significant correlation of lead, cadmium and mercury levels in most of the tissues that were examined, but there was no statistically significant correlation between the lead, cadmium and mercury levels in the scalp hair and most of examined internal organ tissues. The findings of this study would suggest that it is still uncertain to using scalp hair as a biological monitoring.

Clinical Predictors of Clozapine Response in Schizophrenics / 신경정신의학

The identification of clinical predictors of clozapine response in schizophrenics might be helpful to make a selection of the patients for clozapine treaolent, and could also be useful to diminish the incidence of agranulocytosis, an unpredictable and potentially lethal side effect of clozapine. This study was designed to identify the characteristic symptoms which can predict a good response to clozapine in schizophrenics before or in early stage of clozapine treatmnet. The results were summarized as follows. First, while twenty four patients who had a reduction of 1 point or greater in CGI scores from baseline to six-week clozapine treatment were defined as clozapine responders, seventeen patients without such a change were defined as clozapine nonresponders. The classification between the two groups was assessed to be valid statistically. Second, both baseline BPRS total scores and each score of 6 BPRS items such as anxiety, hostility, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, self-neglect, and excitement were significantly higher in the clozapine responders than in the clozapine nonresponders. Third, in the responders artier the second week of clozapine treatment, there was a significant reduction from baseline on the anxiety and unusual thought content item scores. In conclusion, several symptomatic factors could be regarded as clinical predictors of clozapine response in schizophrenics, including anxiety, hostility, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, self-neglect, and excitement as well as the severity of psychoticism.